1-Existentialists and Education
Existentialism
or existentialism school is the most important philosophical school that existed
in the twentieth century. Existentialist- appear in
early Buddhist and Christian writings
The philosophy of existentialism focuses on the
importance of liberty,freedom and the ability of humans to decide and choose.Accroding to
Van Klumurys,: education guide human to their own rights and value.
Four philosopher are the founders of Existentialism:
1-Soren Kierkegaard, Danish (1813-1855)
Kierkegaard is named as existentialism father. He said “:Human exitence is always individual
in character,never social:Also he said that human grow up,make choices
,suffer,experience intense feeling and faces god as individual.The point is
that each person is responsible for his or her actions and choices in life
2-Martin Hadgr-German (1889-1976) “
He Said that:Every man is born as many men and dies as a single one.He focuses on individualization.
3-Albert Camus
He is French and Algerian .He opposed systematic philosophy,
4. Jean-Paul Sartre, French (1905-1980)
He is the best philosopher in twentieth century,.He said that
existence occurs before essence or nature.He said:man first exists without purpose
or definition, finds himself in the world and only then as a reaction of
experience defines the meaning of life,
Accroding to him,each
individual is responsible for every decision.
Plato stresses on mental
state more than existence .However, existentialism pays more attention to
existence. Existentialism gives special importance to the life and experiences
of the person and " (Mozaffari1
& Jahanian, 2016)
Existenialism aims to find answers for the following questions:Why
I am here?What is my purpose?What is my essence?Why do I exist?
Existenialist means to stand out, and to become .
Essence means :nature, or meaning, or purpose,
.Existenialit believes that every individula is
unique.Human have free will to survive in life..Human existence is the starting
point of thinking. (Teneza-Sagabaen, 2014)
Human freedom means freedom to choose. freedom of
choice involves :risk,commitment and resonsibility. Existence precedes essence,At
birth human exist then create his nature through his choices. As Sartre put it: "At
first Man is nothing. Only afterward will he be something, and he himself will
have made what he will be. Existenialism is about:commitiment,uniqueness
of the individual,personal concern,concretenss of experience, freedom,personal
dignity, and efforts.
Factors that affect the freedom of choice:
Influcence of the family,peers,
religion,culture,society, and finance.Also the effects of sex,education,health,
and psychological trait .
Aims of education (Teneza-Sagabaen, 2014)
To help
students understand themselves as unique individuals who are responsible for
their action.
To make the
students reliable to themselves
Curriculum
Curriculum in
existentialism included subjects that are directly related to real life. It
also includes human sciences; such as history, literature, language, math,
science, etc.
There is a
major stress on training or practicing
Also the Student
are given wide variety of freedom and choices to choose from.Humanities help
the student to release the students’creativity and self esteem..The curriculum
is composed of drama,arts,literature and
philosophy.
Methods of
education
The focus is on
individual. There should be a focus on
dialogue and debates.Also Arts that help to foster the creativity of the
students.
.
Role of
teacher: (Mozaffari1 & Jahanian, 2016)
The teacher is a guider. The teacher should expose the students to
different experiences so they can find their essence of life.. In addition the
teacher should provide her students with a wide varieties of choices to
choose..The teacher should be honest with the students.The teacher is expected
to assist the student to be responsible for their own decisions. . (Ginny, 2012) Existentialist
teacher should encourage the learner to actively participate in the class. It
is recommended to use Socratic dialogue to encourage the students to express
their minds.It is suggested to allow the students to use technology in the
class.
Role of the students:to find the meaning of life through discovering. Also through
choosing decision and being responsible.
References:
Teneza-Sagabaen, I. B.-O. (2014, 7 24). Exiatenialism
Philosophy of Education. Retrieved from In SlideShare:
https://www.slideshare.net/iansagabaen28/philosophy-of-education-existentialism
Mozaffari1, M., & Jahanian, R. (2016).
Identifying Existentialist Philosophy of Education. International Academic
Institute for Science and Technology, 18-28.
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